Full sun to partial shade. Flowers are larger and flatter than most goldenrods, yellow, late blooming – August through October – on erect stems; perennial. Plants are tough and adaptable; in more rich, moist sites, this species may flop or prolifically re-seed. If self-sowing is a problem, spent flowers should be removed before the seeds ripen. Native bees, wasps, monarchs and other butterflies, moths, beetles, and pollinating flies seek nectar and pollen from the flowers. Seeds are eaten by goldfinches, and foliage is occasionally nibbled by deer and other herbivores, but considered moderately resistant. Leaves turn an attractive red color in fall. Although goldenrods are often blamed for hay fever, this is not the case. The pollen of goldenrods is quite heavy and sticky, carried away only by pollinators, and not ever wind-borne. It’s the wind-pollinated ragweeds that cause the problem.